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Hi there, After a four-week break — courtesy of a sciatic nerve with strong opinions — I’m happy to be back in by office chair and in your inbox. There is plenty to catch up on. Beyond the updates on the new WordPress and Gutenberg versions, you’ll find stories below from WordPress veterans on migrating to and working with block themes on client sites and dive into more complex theme solutions or Don’t let me keep you from your light summer reading. Have a splendid weekend ahead! Yours, Birgit Developing Gutenberg and WordPress The team around release lead Aaron Jorbin pushed WordPress 7.0.1 Maintenance release out the door to update millions of WordPress sites. The update covers 17 Trac tickets and 14 Gutenberg PRs. The full list is available in the RC 1 announcement post from last week. In WordPress 7.0.1 Fixes Registration Spam, wp_kses() CSS Corruption, and 7.0 Admin Design Glitches, I cover the most important fixes for end users and developers of this release. You’ll learn how the registration-spam loophole got closed, which admin design glitches were sanded off, and why developers can finally remove their wp_kses() CSS workarounds. Update your sites soon if auto-updates aren’t enabled. Ryan Welcher compiled What’s new for developers (July 2026), and it’s all about the 7.1 cycle getting real: Beta 1 lands July 15, final release August 19 at WordCamp US. You’ll want to test responsive styling, the React 19 runtime flag, and Unicode email addresses now. Also on your radar: merge proposals for Core Abilities and Guidelines, the 40px component default, icons inheriting color, and Playground’s MCP support. The latest episode is Gutenberg Changelog #131 – Gutenberg Plugin Releases 23.1 – 23.3, Calls for Testing for 7.1 and more Berislav “Bero” Grgičak announced what’s new in Gutenberg 23.5, released July 1. The headliner: you can now drag the editor canvas to any width, with the device preview dropdown and resize handles working together for responsive editing. The experimental Media editor gains a magnified crop canvas, pixel-snapping handles, and Cover block support. Also notable: text shadows in Global Styles, flip and rotate controls for the Icon block, and a minimum WordPress version bump to 6.9. For the next episode of the Gutenberg Changelog, I sat down with Ellen Bauer to chat about what’s coming next for WordPress. We dug into the latest Gutenberg plugin releases (23.4 and 23.5) and the recent WordPress 7.1 update. Plus, we walked through some big merge proposal, like the Design System Theming. our excitement around responsive styling coming to WordPress. It’s a packed episode full of news you won’t want to miss! The episode will land in your favorite podcast app over the weekend. WordPress 7.1 roadmap and more calls for testing Anne McCarthy published Roadmap to WordPress 7.1., scheduled for August 19, 2026. Longstanding styling gaps are being tackled: responsive styling and interactive-state styling let you adjust blocks per viewport or on hover — no custom CSS required. You’ll also find new Playlist, Table of Contents, and Tabs blocks, a smarter command palette, a Design → Identity screen, the admin bar inside the editors, a media editor modal, and expanded Unicode support for email addresses. Also mentioned Real-time collaboration, Knowledge Guidelines, React 19 upgrade, Classic block deprecation have been punted since the posts came out. Beta 1 arrives July 15 and will settle which of the other Roadmap features are in and which will be punted to a future release. The latest Weekend Edition listed three calls for testing. Meanwhile, two more came online: Nikunj Hatkar, this year’s team rep of the Core Test team, posted a call for testing responsive styling. You’ll be able to style blocks differently for tablet and mobile right in the editor — no custom CSS or media queries needed. The underlying PR unifies the resizable canvas with the device-preview switcher. Fire up the linked WordPress Playground instance, walk through the four test scenarios, and share what feels intuitive or broken. Plugin and theme developers should test their canvas integrations, too. Dennis Snell published a call for testing Unicode email addresses. With initial support merged, is_email() and sanitize_email() now accepting non-ASCII addresses like grå@grå.org, and validation aligns with the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) spec. You’ll want to check your plugins and themes: the new WP_Email_Address class gives you structured access to local and domain parts, and a snippet lets you disable Unicode support until third-party integrations catch up. Three Merge Proposals Core contributors put together three merge proposal for new features to be added to Core for public comment. Jorge Costa published a merge proposal to expand WordPress Core Abilities in WordPress, adding three read-only abilities covering settings, content, and users. Building on the Abilities API from 6.9, they give the AI Client real tools to call, so agents can understand your site’s configuration, posts, and people. Settings and post types opt in through a dedicated flag, and management abilities are planned for a later WordPress version. Greg Ziółkowski published a merge proposal for Guidelines built on Knowledge, a new custom post type headed for WordPress 7.1. Knowledge gives your site one shared home for standards, memories, and notes — with revisions, capabilities, and REST access built in. Guidelines is the first feature on top, letting you capture voice, tone, and per-block rules right where writing happens. Although, originally aimed at WordPress 7.1, in their latest comment, Anne McCarthy indicated that it needs to simmer some more before it’s considered for inclusion in WordPress Core. Andrew Duthie published a merge proposal for Design System Theming, bringing design tokens and a new theme component to WordPress. Built by the Gutenberg Components Team, it turns hard-coded admin styles into CSS custom properties, so your plugins and screens stay consistent and accessible. A color ramp tool generates harmonious, accessible scales from just two seed colors, and the user color scheme reaches the Site Editor — with dark mode on the horizon. Plugins, Themes, and Tools for #nocode site builders and owners Anne Katzeff published a tutorial exploring the WordPress Cover Block for parallax scrolls. You’ll learn how the Fixed Background setting turns a Cover block into a layered parallax effect — background, middle ground, and foreground text moving at different speeds. The post steps through nesting a second Cover block, switching which layer scrolls, and improving text readability with grouped backgrounds. A video tutorial rounds it out. She also demos her process in this YouTube video. Carrie Dils shared a case study, One Header, Two Themes, on phasing a legacy Elementor site toward Full Site Editing without a rebuild or content freeze. Using ThemeSwitcher Pro to run two themes side-by-side, she built one shared header in a plugin that both themes render. You’ll learn from five real-world snags — WooCommerce’s hooked blocks, cascade conflicts, routing gaps, query-string bypasses — and why shipping the shared layer first de-risks everything after. Gina Lucia compared WordPress block themes vs page builders on the Ollie blog. You’ll get a clear-eyed walkthrough of what classic themes, page builders, and block themes each handle — scope, design control, performance, lock-in, and maintenance — with side-by-side tables. Her conclusion: block themes combine sitewide design control with visual editing natively, so you rarely need a page builder anymore, though migration costs and team habits can justify keeping one. Elliott Richmond explained why he spent 16 months turning 400+ holiday cottages into WordPress blocks. The kate & tom’s site moved from ACF flexible content to a native block theme, freeing the marketing team from waiting on custom widgets. You’ll appreciate his candor: 10,590 widgets migrated via a purpose-built plugin, re-run against fresh production snapshots, with flaky conversions fixed by hand. Even untuned, PageSpeed jumped from 22 to 67. Wes Theron published a video tutorial, How to Create and Edit Navigation Menus in WordPress, for anyone getting comfortable with block themes. In under ten minutes, you’ll learn how to edit your menu with the Navigation block, add pages, posts, categories, and custom links, and build dropdown menus. Timestamps let you jump straight to the part you need — handy if dropdowns are the only thing standing between you and a finished header. Theme Development for Full Site Editing and Blocks Henrique Iamarino shared how the Automattic Design team built a WordPress theme without ever opening Figma. You’ll follow the making of Crafted, a production-ready theme created almost entirely in the WordPress Editor: Global Styles for typography and spacing, Create Block Theme to save edits to theme files, WordPress Studio for local review, and an AI assistant for finishing-touch hover CSS. His takeaway: the Editor is now a professional design surface. Justin Tadlock explained how to dynamically load template parts in block themes on the Developer Blog. Instead of maintaining a pile of near-identical templates, you can hook into the render_block_data filter and swap a template part’s slug on the fly — say, a different sidebar per post category. His walkthrough covers early returns, fallback behavior, and file setup, and the technique works for headers, footers, and banners, too. “Keeping up with Gutenberg – Index 2026” A chronological list of the WordPress Make Blog posts from various teams involved in Gutenberg development: Design, Theme Review Team, Core Editor, Core JS, Core CSS, Test, and Meta team from Jan. 2024 on. Updated by yours truly.  The previous years are also available: 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 AI and WordPress Jeff Paul announced what’s new in AI 1.1.0, the latest release of the canonical AI plugin. Two experiments headline, type-ahead text suggests inline ghost text as you write in the block editor, and key encryption secures your AI Connector API keys in the database. You’ll also find smarter content readiness checks with locale-aware counting, more control over guest comment moderation, a new core/read-settings Ability, and a peek at 1.2.0 plans. Need a plugin .zip from Gutenberg’s master branch?Gutenberg Times provides daily build for testing and review. Now also available via WordPress Playground. There is no need for a test site locally or on a server. Have you been using it? Email me with your experience. Questions? Suggestions? Ideas? Don’t hesitate to send them via email or send me a message on WordPress Slack or Twitter @bph. For questions to be answered on the Gutenberg Changelog, send them to changelog@gutenbergtimes.com Featured Image:

David Snead, director of the Secure Hosting Alliance and a long-time Internet policy leader, shares his perspective on the complexities that emerge when technological solutions like age verification are implemented in the digital infrastructure space. Dave’s reflection highlights how the push for more secure, regulated environments can unintentionally create barriers for vulnerable or less tech-savvy

Otter Blocks 3.2.0 is now live, bringing AI that builds full sections and pages, a redesigned AI writing toolbar, AI form autoresponders, a completely rebuilt Design Library, a new Content Slider block, more reliable forms, and full WordPress 7.0 support. This release focuses on the slowest part of building in the block editor: getting started.... The post Otter Blocks 3.2.0: AI Page Building and a New Design Library appeared first on Themeisle Blog.

AI assistants like Claude Code, Cowork, and ChatGPT are incredible productivity boosters, and if you wished that you could connect these AI tools with WordPress directly, then you’re not alone. Lately, I have been using WordPress MCP by WPVibe to let my AI assistant manage… Read More » The post How to Connect AI Agents With WordPress using MCP (Step by Step) first appeared on WPBeginner.

HTML and XML are markup languages based on plaintext files. This means that any given character could be part of a syntax form (a tag, a comment, a character reference, etc…) or it could be representing itself the way it reads in the file literally. <tag>&middot; Text node</tag> Whenever a character might be ambiguous, both languages require explicit indication of the intent of the character. In HTML this occurs via escaping, while XML allows escaping or wrapping the content in a marked section, specifically a CDATA section. &lt;tag&gt;<![CDATA[<tag>· Text node</tag>]]> These terms confuse me at times, especially since CDATA and CDATA sections are distinct forms of the same content, and it’s easy to conflate each term. This post is here to disambiguate the terms, their meanings, and why they exist. The punchline comes at the end, but the story is hopefully worth the read. Markup and mixed content One of the first jobs of a parser for any plaintext-oriented format is to determine if the next input character represents real text or is part of a syntax form that carries special meaning. If it’s a syntax form we would call it markup, but if the characters are part of real text meant for display or rendering or reading then we call it data. Anything that is not syntax is data. The interpretation of the next character depends on the region of the document in which it’s parsed. While the rules for syntax forms are complicated1, this post will focus on the data forms. PCDATA — “parsed character data” May form: tags, comments, sections, character references, literal text. Characters in this region could be data or could form the start of a new markup element. It’s “parsed” because it needs parsing before determining what it represents. The HTML specification renames this to Data, which is simpler and a bit harder to search for. In XML, however, it’s used in a document-type definition (DTD). When an element may contain content — text — its data model must include #PCDATA. Otherwise the only characters allowable within that element are other elements, comments, and whitespace. XML documents are required to be valid SGML documents, so its own specification adopts the terminology from SGML’s. Those who have worked with DTDs might note that elements in XML may contain #PCDATA while attributes contain CDATA instead. First of all, the # is there only to make it explicit that PCDATA is referring to the reserved keyword, rather than a <pcdata> element. Secondly, there’s a good reason for this, which is that attributes can only contain text — they can’t contain other elements of markup. If an attribute value could contain a <span> element, for example, then the attribute value would need to be #PCDATA instead, but this is prevented by design. PCDATA actually contains more than just literal text and elements. In addition to comments, processing instructions, and other node-like syntax, one important feature of PCDATA is the character reference. These make it possible to represent characters that would conflate with syntax (such as ‘<’ — &lt;) or which might be cumbersome to enter on a keyboard (such as ‘§’ — &sect;). When parsing, each character in these sequences neither creates an element nor displays as the text itself; rather, the entire sequence is parsed and translates into the character it refers to. HTML pre-specifies a fixed set of named character references, but any Unicode code point may be referenced by its decimal or hexadecimal numeric index. While XML also allows referencing code points by their index2, it only pre-specifies the five named characters which correspond to its main markup introducers: <, >, &, ', and ". In XML, any additional named character references are created through the DTD by defining entities. CDATA — “character data” May form: [character references], literal text. If a character isn’t markup, then it’s character data, which means that it’s representing its literal self or it’s part of a character reference. Once the parser has entered this region it will not create markup elements. CDATA is the most confusable kind of character data; this is because there are many kinds of CDATA that share the same name: XML attributes may contain CDATA, where character references are decoded. XML CDATA sections only contain CDATA, but character references are not decoded. HTML kind of has the same CDATA sections, but only in foreign elements (inlined SVG and MathML elements). SGML elements may be declared to have a CDATA content model, in which case all content until the appropriate closing tag is to be parsed as character data, where character references are not decoded. CDATA sections contain only literal text Many people are familiar with CDATA sections, but it took me far longer to understand them than my intuition led on. They are the vestige of SGML “marked regions” which tell the parser to handle a specific range of bytes in a special way. The CDATA section is one of those, which tells the parser to completely turn off until it reaches ]]>. <![CDATA[literal characters only in here]]> It had other marked sections, however, which served different purposes. <![IGNORE[everything in here is ignored; it doesn’t exist.]]><![INCLUDE[in here things <em>do</em> exist as normal.]]><![RCDATA[read on to learn about RCDATA!]]> The IGNORE and INCLUDE sections may seem strange, since SGML already has comments, and INCLUDE effectively does nothing, but the sections can be marked by replaced entities, making for conditional inclusion which can be overwritten via command-line arguments when invoking the SGML parser. <!ENTITY % review-only "IGNORE">...<![%review-only;[<aside>Add `-Dreview-only=INCLUDE` when building drafts.This note won’t appear otherwise.</aside>]]> XML only retained CDATA sections from SGML, while HTML never included them. They are useful because they are so easy to parse. All characters inside of them are to be treated as literal text, up until the first occurrence of the terminating ]]>. Unlike elements, the marked sections do not nest. There are no CDATA sections in HTML The Internet is full of discussions about the use of CDATA sections in HTML, but there are no such things, mostly. HTML itself is an amalgam of pure HTML and embedded SVG and MathML. Content inside of those embedded SVG and MathML elements is parsed differently, and within this “foreign content” there are CDATA section nodes. When something which look like a CDATA section appears in an HTML document, it’s transformed into a “bogus” HTML comment and considered a snippet of malformed markup. To make things more confusing, the parsing rules differ inside an HTML document for these regions depending on whether they are found within HTML elements or foreign elements. When a real CDATA section appears within SVG and MathML, it parses as in XML or SGML — everything is literal text until the nearest ]]>. When a malformed CDATA look-alike appears in an HTML element, it gets special treatment — the parser only turns off until the nearest >. This means that these sections end even without a closing ]]>, and when they do, all of their contained content disappears from the page. That small difference confuses naïve parsers and is a regular source of bugs. <div><![CDATA[There are no tags in here.]]></div><svg><text><![CDATA[<none> here either.]]></text></svg><div><![CDATA[But there <em>are</em> tags in here]]></div> the section ends here ╯ ╰ start of a real end tagThe following is the equivalent markup to the third line.<div><!--But there <em-->are</em> tags in here]]></div> SGML contains CDATA regions outside of marked CDATA sections SGML made it possible to define more kinds of content than XML does for a given element. For example, an element in SGML can be declared to have a CDATA content model, in which case the element itself behaves like a CDATA section. All characters after the opening tag are treated as literal text until the parser finds the nearest appropriate end tag3. XML rejected this ability because it increases the complexity of the parser and requires that every document also contains a full DTD when parsing. For example, if an element were declared to have CDATA content, then a <at> b would represent that literal string; on the other hand, if it were declared like any other normal element, it would have three children: “a ”, the <at> opening tag, and “ b”. <!ELEMENT verbatim - - CDATA>...<verbatim>There are <no> tags in here, because this is CDATA,but you wouldn’t know without reading the DTD,overcomplicating the demands on the parser.</verbatim> These kinds of elements do exist in HTML, though a few were modified when HTML5 was standardized in 2008. Inside of the elements, the parser essentially turns off, which makes them easy to parse and can help avoid the need to extensively escape content. These elements are, of course, <script> and <style>4. Were it not for the CDATA declared content model, every angle bracket and ampersand would have to be escaped in included JavaScript and CSS. In XHTML this was required, because it had no CDATA declared content model (since it was XML)5. All text in XML is CDATA Herein lies the most-confusing aspect of discussing CDATA — XML contains CDATA sections as well as CDATA as normal text. After parsing there is no distinction between &lt;tag&gt; and <![CDATA[<tag>]]> in the parsed content. Many XML generators (or serializers) provide two mechanisms for creating text content: one wraps text in a CDATA section and leaves the text as it came (apart from avoiding including the terminating sequence); the other escapes syntax characters instead. While there are times where it would be appropriate to intentionally pick one over the other, a good library design would at least offer a third mechanism (if not only providing this third mechanism) which simply produces CDATA, itself determining when to wrap and when to escape6, and whether or not to produce chunks of wrapped text interspersed with chunks of escaped text. The real difference between these two kinds of CDATA is purely presentational in the source document, as the XML snippet below only contains one text node, not two. Creating CDATA does not imply creating a CDATA section! <rule><![CDATA[#X13<d&r>]]> (&pp;4 &ss;3.11)</rule> RCDATA — “replaceable character data” May form: character references, literal text. There’s one more confusing designation for characters in the HTML and XML input streams: RCDATA. RCDATA is almost identical to CDATA, except that in contexts where CDATA does not decode character references and entities, RCDATA will decode them into CDATA. This is confusing, because in the context of an XML attribute, the CDATA designation in a DTD automatically implies that character references are decoded, unlike the CDATA sections in content. To this end there are no RCDATA attributes, since character references are always decoded inside attribute values. The RCDATA declaration is like the SGML CDATA content declaration: all characters following the opening tag for this element will be treated as text until the nearest matching closing tag (the difference being only that character references are recognized and decoded). It’s worth remembering that XML rejected the CDATA content type because of how it complicates parsing, and it also rejected the RCDATA type. On the other hand, RCDATA was incorporated into HTML, but statically so. HTML has no configurable DTD, but in its specification two elements contain RCDATA content: TITLE TEXTAREA While it’s easy to comprehend the way that <textarea> works, and that’s probably because we are used to entering text into one on a web page, the behavior of <title> is consistently confused in all manner of programming languages, platforms, and HTML-parsing code. The TITLE element only contains character data — it cannot contain other markup. The parsing is among the easiest sections of an HTML document to parse: once the <title> opening tag is detected, the parser can capture everything until the nearest </title> closing tag. Everything it captured is literal text, after decoding character references. <!-- the title is "<title>" --><title><title></title><!-- equivalent HTML --><title>&lt;title&gt;</title> This complicates content management systems like WordPress which allow posts to have HTML in their post titles, because a page can show richly-formatted article titles which cannot be represented in the browser tab’s label, and care must be taken to extract the plaintext content from that HTML before display in those contexts. Coda HTML and XML both speak about different kinds of characters in their source documents and content models, which traces from the complicated ways that SGML documents could be constructed. SGML’s complexity almost always stems from the central idea that computers should do extra work to remove the hassle for humans to enter structured content in plaintext documents. HTML, inspired by SGML, adopted some of the names and mechanisms for parsing those regions of text in distinct ways, but codified a single parsing standard independent of SGML. When XML was later developed, it was meant to form a simplified subset of SGML. This subset flipped the tradeoffs, leaning on humans performing extra work to remove the hassle for computers to parse structure in plaintext documents. For these text forms, this meant rejecting a few of the constructs while retaining others. This is also another demonstration of how balanced tags are not enough to have well-behaved HTML with a naïve parser. A well-formed XML document may be parsed with a terse PERL script and regular expression, but HTML relies heavily on the context in which characters are found. Any HTML parser must know the special rules for each kind of element’s content model. In summary When it’s unclear whether a character forms text or markup, that is PCDATA. Once parsed, there is no PCDATA anymore; it’s either a form of DATA or MARKUP. All text nodes in HTML are “DATA.” “CDATA” just means “character data” and means that after parsing, the content is text. It does not indicate whether character references are to be decoded or not; that comes from the region in the document, based on its context. There are no CDATA sections in HTML7. All text nodes in XML are CDATA, but only after being parsed. CDATA sections offer a convenient way to avoid escaping, but are indistinguishable from the equivalent escaped text. HTML contains two special RCDATA elements which only and always contain a single text node child: <title> and <textarea>. Everything until the closing tag will be parsed as text, even if it looks like markup. This post is already long and still over-simplifies the picture. SGML is a rich and robust specification and includes NDATA and SDATA, HTML includes a latching PLAINTEXT parsing mode in which the rest of the entire document is parsed as literal character data, and there are other surprising goodies in how entities interact with the character mode. Thanks for making it through to the end, or jumping directly here if you couldn’t wait. As an example, each part of a tag — its name, attribute names, attribute values — carries its own parsing rules. The same is true for comments, DOCTYPE declarations, and every other syntax form. ︎XML only allows character references to the characters in its “character set,” which is almost all Unicode code points, but excludes some control characters and U+FFFE and U+FFFF. ︎Because SGML was designed to minimize the amount of necessary syntax, it’s not necessary to have a full end tag for an open element, but that’s a simple-enough model to understand the concept. ︎The <style> element is straightforward, but the <script> element has its own complicated modification of the CDATA content model. It’s mostly CDATA, but makes it possible to escape the closing tag so that very old pages won’t break. HTML also applies this parsing mode for the <iframe>, <noembed>, <noframes>, and <noscript> elements (as well as for the deprecated <xmp> element), but these nominally should have no content inside of them (or shouldn’t be used); applying the CDATA content model prevents creating other elements as their children. ︎Frustratingly, in XHTML one must escape JavaScript and CSS in the page to avoid parsing failure, while in HTML one must not. This alone makes for a complicated stage in any reliable HTML/XHTML converter. ︎Wrapping a language like HTML inside a CDATA section is a convenient way to represent the HTML visually and retain the ability to easily modify it, but entities present a problem. The serializer must either pre-translate the entity into its resolved character content, losing the macro-like behavior and its name; or leave the entity in place, thus nullifying it because it will not be recognized as an entity on parse. However, in such a situation, a serializer is free to terminate the CDATA section, append the entity, and open a new one to continue. ︎As mentioned in the discussion about CDATA, embedded SVG and MathML elements can contain CDATA sections, but these are not technically HTML elements. ︎